The Maccabees’ rise to power led to significant changes in the administration of the Temple. High priests had traditionally been from the lineage of the ancient priest Zadok (2 Sam 20:25; 1 Kgs 4:2, 4), but around 153/152 B.C.E., Alexander Balas, a claimant to the Seleucid throne, appointed Judas’s brother Jonathan to the position (1 Macc 10:18–44). After Jonathan’s death, his brother Simon succeeded him; a sympathetic account (1 Macc 14:41–47) claims that a stele erected circa 140 B.C.E. proclaimed
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